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Increased economic activity resulting from the TCJA’s lower tax rates on businesses, generally, could encourage additional borrowing. However, some customers may use the additional cash flow from lower taxes to fund existing levels of activity and, as a result, decreasing their borrowing needs. The elimination of the federal income tax deductibility of business interest expense for a significant number of our customers effectively increases the cost of borrowing and makes equity or hybrid funding relatively more attractive. This could have a long-term negative impact on business customer borrowing. While our 2018 net income was positively impacted by the TCJA, there is no guarantee that our future results will benefit similarly. Some or all of the benefits realized in 2018 could be lost to the extent that the banks and financial services companies we compete with elect to lower interest rates and fees and we must do the same in order to remain competitive. Additionally, the benefits from the TCJA could be repealed as a result of future regulatory actions. As a result of these uncertainties, there is no assurance that we will realize the anticipated continued benefits of the TCJA in the future.

As of December 31, 2018, total deposits equaled $7.8 billion, an increase of $582.1 million, or 8.1 percent, from December 31, 2017. The largest increases were in savings and demand deposits. Total borrowings decreased $163.4 million as of December 31, 2018, compared to December 31, 2017. Liquidity generated from organic deposit growth was used to fund loan and investment portfolio growth. Additionally, the excess liquidity was used to pay down Federal Home Loan Bank advances and Federal funds purchased, which decreased $99.4 million and $40.0 million, respectively. Additional details related to the changes in deposits and borrowings are detailed within NOTE 10. DEPOSITS and NOTE 12. BORROWINGS of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the “Deposits and Borrowings” section of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

LOANS held in the Corporation’s loan portfolio are carried at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned income and principal charge-offs. Certain non-accrual, substantially delinquent and renegotiated loans classified as troubled debt restructures may be considered to be impaired in accordance with ASC 310, Receivables. Under ASC 310-10, a loan is impaired when, based on current information or events, it is probable all amounts due (principal and interest) according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement are uncollectible. Renegotiated consumer loans classified as troubled debt restructures are considered to be impaired. In applying the provisions of ASC 310-10, the Corporation considers all other investments in one-to-four family residential loans and consumer installment loans to be homogeneous and therefore excluded from separate identification for evaluation of impairment. Impaired loans are carried at the fair value of collateral if the loan is collateral dependent, or the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate. A portion of the allowance for loan losses is allocated to impaired loans if the value of such loans is deemed to be less than the unpaid balance. If these allocations cause the allowance for loan losses to increase, such increase is reported as a component of the provision for loan losses. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of the loan is confirmed. The valuation would be considered Level 3, consisting of appraisals of underlying collateral and discounted cash flow analysis.
Interest income is accrued on the principal balances of loans. The accrual of interest is discontinued on a loan when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payments as they become due. When the interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed against earnings when considered uncollectible. Interest income accrued in the prior year, if any, is charged to the allowance for loan losses. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received and the loan is returned to accruing status. Certain loan fees and direct costs are being deferred and amortized as an adjustment of yield on the loans.

The Corporation’s defined-benefit pension plans, including non-qualified plans for certain employees, former employees and former non-employee directors, cover approximately 13 percent of the Corporation’s employees. In 2005, the Board of Directors of the Corporation approved the curtailment of the accumulation of defined benefits for future services provided by certain participants in the First Merchants Corporation Retirement Plan. No additional pension benefits have been earned by any employees who had not attained both the age of 55 and accrued at least 10 years of vesting service as of March 1, 2005. The benefits are based primarily on years of service and employees’ pay near retirement. Contributions are intended to provide not only for benefits attributed to service-to-date, but also for those expected to be earned in the future. The table below sets forth the plans’ funded status and amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, using measurement dates of December 31, 2018 and 2017.

At a special meeting held on February 14, 2019, the shareholders of MBT approved the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. In addition, on January 3, 2019, the FDIC issued its order approving the Bank Merger, subject to certain customary conditions, and on February 18, 2019, the Indiana DFI approved the Bank Merger. However, consummation of the Mergers remain subject to the (i) receipt of a waiver by the Federal Reserve Board of Governors relating to its right to receive an application in connection with the Holding Company Merger, and (ii) satisfaction of other customary closing conditions contained in the Merger Agreement. The Mergers are expected to close during the first half of 2019.