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Under Topic 842, the Company applies a dual approach to all leases in which it is a lessee and classifies leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the Company. Lease classification is evaluated at the inception of the lease agreement. Regardless of classification, the Company records a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term greater than 12 months. All of the Company’s leases as of March 31, 2019 have been classified as operating leases. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Variable lease expense is recognized as incurred.

The Company identifies leases in its contracts if the contract conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company does not allocate lease consideration between lease and nonlease components and records a lease liability equal to the present value of the remaining fixed consideration under the lease. The interest rates implicit in the Company’s leases are generally not readily determinable. Accordingly, the Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate at the commencement date of the lease to determine the present value discount of the lease liability. The Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate for each lease based on an evaluation of its expected credit rating and the prevailing market rates for collateralized debt in a similar economic environment with similar payment terms and maturity dates commensurate with the term of the lease. The right-of-use asset for each lease is equal to the lease liability, adjusted for unamortized initial direct costs and lease incentives and prepaid or accrued rent. Initial direct costs of entering into a lease are included in the right-of-use asset and amortized as lease expense over the term of the lease. Lease incentives, such as tenant improvements allowances, are recorded as a reduction of the right-of-use asset and amortized as a reduction of lease expense over the term of the lease. The Company excludes options to extend or terminate leases from the calculation of the lease liability unless it is reasonably certain the option will be exercised.


Upon the adoption of Topic 842, the Company recorded operating lease right-of-use assets of $7.4 million and operating lease liabilities of $8.4 million for its leases which were in effect and had commenced prior to January 1, 2019 and had original lease terms of more than 12 months. Additionally, upon the adoption of Topic 842, the Company derecognized $5.9 million of property and equipment and $5.9 million of financing lease obligations related to construction-in-progress at 9800 Medical Center Drive, as the Company does not control the building during the construction period under the requirements of Topic 842. The lease term for the facility at 9800 Medical Center Drive does not commence until certain construction is completed by the landlord and the building is delivered to the Company. The right-of-use assets and lease liabilities related to the facility at 9800 Medical Center Drive will not be recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets until the commencement date of the lease, which is expected to occur in 2020.

The cumulative impact of the adoption of Topic 842 resulted in an increase in accumulated deficit of less than $0.1 million on January 1, 2019. The adoption of Topic 842 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019, nor does the Company believe it will have a material impact on future results of operations based on its current leasing arrangements.


The Company is involved in the construction project for the leased premises at 9800 Medical Center Drive, including having the responsibility to pay for a portion of the costs of non-normal tenant improvements such as finish work, mechanical, electrical and plumbing elements of the building, among other items. As of December 31, 2018, under the requirements of Topic 840, the Company was deemed the owner of the leased premises during the construction period for accounting purposes and certain estimated construction costs incurred and reported by the landlord were recorded as property and equipment, with a corresponding financing lease obligation, on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company has determined that it does not control the building during the construction period under the requirements of Topic 842. Accordingly, upon the adoption of Topic 842 on January 1, 2019, the Company derecognized the property and equipment of $5.9 million for the cumulative costs of construction incurred by the landlord as well as the associated $5.9 million financing lease obligation. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had incurred $0.3 million of costs related to construction-in-progress at 9800 Medical Center Drive, which have been recorded as leasehold improvements within property and equipment on the consolidated balance sheets. In April 2019, the Company agreed to pay $4.0 million to the landlord to fund certain costs of construction related to material changes in the design and construction of the building requested by the Company.


In January 2016, the Company entered into a 7.5-year, non-cancelable operating lease for its corporate headquarters at 9600 Blackwell Road in Rockville, Maryland (the Blackwell Road Lease). The lease commenced in February 2016 and expires in September 2023. The Company has an option to extend the term of the Blackwell Road Lease for up to five additional years and the option to terminate the lease after 67 months from the lease commencement date. If the Company elects to terminate the lease, it will be subject to a termination fee equal to the unamortized tenant improvement allowance, rent abatement and landlord costs and commissions as of the termination date, bearing interest at 8% per annum. The Company’s extension and termination options under the Blackwell Road Lease have been excluded from the measurement of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for the lease as they are not reasonably certain of exercise. In November 2017, the Blackwell Road Lease was amended to include additional office space for the remainder of the lease term. Monthly payments under the lease began in September 2016 and escalate annually in accordance with the lease agreement. The Company received a $0.8 million tenant improvement allowance from the landlord which has been recorded as a reduction of the right-of-use assets for the lease and is amortized on a straight-line basis as a reduction of rent expense over the term of the lease.


In April 2019, the Company amended its license from Penn to include exclusive license rights to certain know-how, including research data and other information, relating to the treatment of late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2) disease. In consideration for the additional licensed rights, and in addition to any consideration owed under the license prior to the amendment, the Company is obligated to pay Penn an upfront fee, milestone fees of up to $20.5 million upon the achievement of various development and sales-based milestones and additional royalties on net sales of licensed products for the treatment of CLN2 disease. Additionally, the amendment modifies the percentage of sublicense fees the Company is obligated to pay Penn on amounts the Company receives from third parties for the sublicensing of the licensed rights for the treatment of CLN2 disease.