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These risks and uncertainties could affect our business and operations in various ways. For example, negative events or publicity associated with our Chapter 11 Cases could adversely affect our relationships with potential acquisition targets and financing sources. Further, critical suppliers, vendors and customers may determine not to do business with Real Alloy due to the Bankruptcy Proceedings, and Real Alloy may not be successful in securing alternative sources or markets. Under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, transactions outside the ordinary course of business are subject to the prior approval of the Bankruptcy Court, which may limit our ability to respond in a timely manner to certain events or take advantage of certain opportunities. A long period of operations under Bankruptcy Court protection could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity. Additionally, further losses of key personnel or erosion of employee morale could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our operations as normal, thereby adversely affecting our business and results of operations. So long as the proceedings related to these cases continue, our management will be required to spend a significant amount of time and effort dealing with the reorganization instead of focusing exclusively on business operations. The failure to retain or attract and maintain members of our management team, and other key personnel could impair our ability to execute our strategy and implement operational initiatives, thereby having a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. So long as the proceedings related to these cases continue, we will be required to incur substantial costs for professional fees and other expenses associated with the administration of the Chapter 11 Cases, including the cost of litigation. In general, litigation can be expensive and time consuming to bring or defend against. Such litigation could result in settlements or damages that could significantly affect our financial results. It is also possible that certain parties will commence litigation with respect to the treatment of their claims. It is not possible to predict the potential litigation that we may become party to, nor the final resolution of such litigation. The impact of any such litigation on our business and financial stability, however, could be material.


Our ability to use our pre-emergence tax attributes may be significantly limited under the U.S. federal income tax rules. We have generated NOL and certain tax credits for U.S. federal income tax purposes through the taxable year ending December 31, 2017. Our ability to use any NOLs and other tax attributes, including certain recognized built in losses, to offset future taxable income or taxes owed may be significantly limited if we undergo an “ownership change” as defined in section 382 of the Tax Code in connection with the RI Plan and do not qualify or elect to use a special bankruptcy rule. An entity that experiences an ownership change generally is subject to an annual limitation on its use of its pre-ownership change NOLs and other tax attributes after the ownership change equal to the equity value of the corporation immediately before the ownership change, multiplied by the long-term tax-exempt rate posted by the Internal Revenue Service (subject to certain adjustments). If we undergo an ownership change in connection with the consummation of the RI Plan, and don’t meet the qualifications of a special bankruptcy rule, however, the equity value for purposes of determining the limitation on NOLs and other tax attributes will reflect the increase in value resulting from the cancellation of claims. The annual limitation could also be increased each year to the extent that there is an unused limitation in a prior year. Alternatively, if we qualify for and elect to use a special bankruptcy rule that would prevent a limitation on use of the tax attributes from applying, our NOLs would first be reduced to the extent of certain prior interest deductions taken on account of indebtedness that will be converted into equity under the RI Plan, if any, in the event we experience another ownership change within two years after the RI Plan Effective Date the annual limitation would be zero and we will effectively lose the ability to use any of the NOLs. We anticipate that we will experience an ownership change as a result of the RI Plan.


Peter C.B. Bynoe (Age 67): Mr. Bynoe has served as a director of Real Industry since July 2013, and currently serves as Chairman of the Compensation Committee and as a member of the Nominating & Governance Committee. Mr. Bynoe is currently a Managing Director of Equity Group Investments, a private equity firm based in Chicago, Illinois, where he has served since October 2014. From September 2013 to October 2014, Mr. Bynoe served as the Chief Executive Officer of Rewards Network, Inc., a provider of credit card loyalty and rewards programs. Prior to Rewards Network, Mr. Bynoe served, from January 2009 to August 2013, as a partner and Chief Operating Officer of Loop Capital LLC, a full-service investment banking firm based in Chicago. He joined Loop Capital as a Managing Director in February 2008. As Chief Operating Officer, Mr. Bynoe oversaw the firm’s mergers and acquisitions practice in the utility and power sector. Mr. Bynoe also served from January 2009 to December 2016 as a Senior Counsel in the Chicago office of the international law firm DLA Piper US LLP. From March 1995 until December 2007, Mr. Bynoe was a senior Partner at DLA Piper US LLP and served on its Executive Committee. Mr. Bynoe has also been a principal of Telemat Ltd., a consulting and project management firm, since 1982. Since 2004, Mr. Bynoe has been a director of Covanta Holding Corporation (“Covanta”) (NYSE: CVA), an internationally recognized owner of energy-from-waste and power generation projects, and he presently serves on Covanta’s Nominating and Governance Committee and Compensation Committee. Since 2007, Mr. Bynoe has been a director of Frontier Communications Corporation (formerly known as Citizens Communication Corporation) (NASDAQ: FTR), a telephone, television and internet service provider, where he serves as the chairman of its Nominating and Governance Committee and as a member of its Compensation Committee, and he was formerly a director of Rewards Network Inc. from 2003 to May 2008. Mr. Bynoe served as the Executive Director of the Illinois Sports Facilities Authority, a joint venture of the City of Chicago and State of Illinois created to develop the new Comiskey Park for the Chicago White Sox and was Managing General Partner of the National Basketball Association’s Denver Nuggets. Mr. Bynoe also served as a consultant to the Atlanta Fulton County Recreation Authority and the Atlanta Committee to Organize the Olympic Games in preparation for the 1996 Summer Olympic Games. Mr. Bynoe holds Juris Doctor, Master of Business Administration and Bachelor of Arts degrees from Harvard University and is a member of the Illinois Bar and a registered real estate broker. 


Patrick E. Lamb (Age 58): Mr. Lamb has served as a director of Real Industry since April 2011, and currently serves as the Chairman of the Audit Committee, and a member of both the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Operations Committee. In November 2017, Mr. Lamb joined the board of directors of certain Real Alloy entities. Mr. Lamb has over twenty-five years of chief financial officer experience in various public, public subsidiary and private entities, specifically in the financial services industry, including banking, commercial finance, commercial and residential real estate, debt and equity capital markets, and insurance. He also has experience in mergers, divestitures and acquisitions, financing and securitization structures and public accounting, as well as marketing and information technology. Most recently, Mr. Lamb served as the Chief Financial Officer for the Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association from July 2007 until January 2015. From 2004 to July 2007, Mr. Lamb served as the Senior Vice President, Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer of Fremont. Prior to that, Mr. Lamb served as Vice President-Finance for Fremont and as the Chief Financial Officer of Fremont Financial Corporation, a subsidiary of Fremont. Before joining Fremont, Mr. Lamb worked at Ernst & Whinney (now Ernst & Young), serving primarily the financial services industries in various audit and consulting engagements. Mr. Lamb holds Bachelor of Science and Master in Accountancy degrees from the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University. Mr. Lamb also serves on two advisory boards for the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University and is also involved in various community and educational organizations. Mr. Lamb also serves on the Advisory Boards of Fan Factor and Amenify, as well as an instructor in the University of San Francisco’s Masters in Sports Management program.


The RA DIP Financing Facility also includes covenants requiring compliance by the Real Alloy Debtors with “Sale/Chapter 11 Milestones”, including: (i) submission of a motion to the Bankruptcy Court to approve the sale of substantially all of the assets of the Real Alloy Debtors pursuant to Section 363 of the Bankruptcy Code and procedures for such sale; (ii) within 14 days following the Petition Date, retention of a chief restructuring officer by the Real Alloy Debtors; (iii) within 35 days following the Petition Date, an order of the Bankruptcy Court approving the Sales Procedures (the “Bid Procedures Order”), including allowing the Purchasers and the holders of the Senior Secured Notes to credit bid in the sale process for up to the full amount of their claims; (iv) within 75 days following the Petition Date (extendable by up to 25 days by the Purchasers provided that no Event of Default has occurred or has been waived by the Purchasers), the selection and Bankruptcy Court approval of a stalking horse bid, which will include full cash payment of amounts outstanding under the RA DIP ABL Facility and the Prior ABL Facility, if any (collectively, the “Aggregate ABL Obligations”); (v) within 130 days following the Petition Date, conduct of a sale auction by the Real Alloy Debtors for substantially all of their assets, in accordance with the Bid Procedures Order (the “Auction”); (vi) within one day of the conclusion of the Auction, selection of a successful bidder and a back-up bidder; (vii) within five days of the conclusion of the Auction, Bankruptcy Court approval of the sale and entry of an order authorizing and approving the sale and related transactions; and (viii) within 160 days after the Petition Date, the closing of the sale and full cash payment of the Aggregate ABL Obligations. The Bankruptcy Court approved the sale of the Real Alloy Debtors’ assets on March 29, 2018.