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The Company’s effective tax rate was 24.4% and 191.5% for the three months ended December 28, 2018 and December 29, 2017, respectively. The decrease in the Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended December 28, 2018, compared to the year-ago period was primarily because the prior period included the tax effect of a change in law due to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act"), which was signed into law on December 22, 2017. The current period also includes the impact of several provisions of the Act that take effect for the Company for the first time in the fiscal year ending September 27, 2019, including a new minimum tax on certain foreign earnings (the Global Intangible Low-taxed Income, or "GILTI"), a new tax on certain payments to foreign related parties (the Base Erosion and Anti-avoidance Tax), a new incentive for foreign-derived intangible income, changes to the limitation on the deductibility of certain executive compensation, and new limitations on the deductibility of interest expense. The Company has elected to account for GILTI as a period cost rather than on a deferred basis. The current period also reflects the fact that, as the Company has a September fiscal year end, the lower 21% federal rate is now fully phased in; that is, it is applicable to our domestic earnings for the full fiscal year ending September 27, 2019.

The Company adopted the FASB guidance related to intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory in the first quarter of fiscal year 2019. This standard changes the treatment of the tax effect of transfers of property other than inventory among the entities within a registrant's consolidated group. Under the prior standard, the tax effect related to the transfer of property other than inventory from one member of the group to another was recorded to prepaid income taxes, which is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Under the new standard, the tax effect related to the transfer of property other than inventory from one member of the group to another is recorded as a discrete item to taxes on earnings in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss). The Company recorded a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle of $0.2 million as of September 29, 2018, as a result of adopting the new standard. The Company expects that the new standard may cause its effective tax rate to be less predictable and more volatile going forward.

We are participating in the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (“USTR”) process to consider product-specific exclusions from these tariffs. On December 21, 2018, USTR announced its approval of our request to exclude certain radiotherapy systems manufactured in China, and this decision was later published on December 28, 2018. This exclusion means Varian’s imports of radiotherapy systems from China into the U.S. will not be subject to the China tariffs. While we have been successful in our request to exclude radiotherapy systems there can be no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining an exclusion for our additional requests relating to certain components imported from China nor is there an assurance that the Chinese government will provide reciprocal relief from the retaliatory tariffs.

The United Kingdom (“U.K.”) is currently negotiating the terms of its exit from the European Union (“Brexit”) scheduled for March 29, 2019. In November 2018, the U.K. and the European Union agreed upon a draft Withdrawal Agreement that sets out the terms of the U.K.’s departure, including a transition period from March 29, 2019 through December 31, 2020 to allow time for a future trade deal to be agreed. On January 15, 2019, the draft Withdrawal Agreement was rejected by the U.K. Parliament creating significant uncertainty about the terms (and timing) under which the U.K. will leave the European Union.

If the U.K. leaves the European Union with no agreement, it will likely have an adverse impact on labor and trade and will create further short-term currency volatility. In the absence of a future trade deal, the U.K.’s trade with the European Union and the rest of the world would be subject to tariffs and duties set by the World Trade Organization, which could result in higher importation costs for our products. In addition, the movement of goods between the U.K. and the remaining member states of the European Union will be subject to additional inspections and documentation checks, leading to possible delays at ports of entry and departure. Moreover, currency volatility could drive a weaker pound which could result in a decrease in the profitability of our U.K. operations. Any adjustments we make to our business and operations as a result of Brexit could result in significant expense and take significant time to complete.