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Under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and rules promulgated by the SEC, companies are required to conduct an annual comprehensive evaluation of their internal control over financial reporting. As part of this internal control over financial reporting; and our independent registered public accounting firm is required to attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, identified a control was not effective because we did not perform an effective risk assessment relating to significant acquisitions, and as a result, we did not adequately design control activities over the accounting for the acquisition of Otometrics. The first fiscal year exemption for internal controls over financial reporting does not apply to controls over purchase price accounting, which constituted a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. This material weakness is more fully described in Item 9A. Controls and Procedures-Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. The existence of this material weakness and of any other ineffective controls over our financial reporting could result in one or all of the following:

The FDA will clear marketing of a medical device through the 510(k) process if it is demonstrated that the new product is substantially equivalent to other 510(k)-cleared products. The premarket approval application process is much more costly, lengthy and uncertain than the 510(k) process, and must be supported by extensive data from preclinical studies and human clinical trials. The FDA may not grant either 510(k) clearance or premarket approval for any product we propose to market. Further, any modification to a 510(k)-cleared device that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness, or that would constitute a major change in its intended use, design or manufacture, requires a new 510(k) clearance or, possibly, approval of a premarket approval application. The FDA requires every manufacturer to make this determination in the first instance, but the FDA may review any manufacturer’s decision. If the FDA requires us to seek 510(k) clearance or premarket approval for modification of a previously cleared product for which we have concluded that new clearances or approvals are unnecessary, we may be required to cease marketing or to recall the modified product until we obtain clearance or approval, and we may be subject to significant regulatory fines or penalties. Further, our products could be subject to recall if the FDA determines, for any reason, that our products are not safe or effective.

During 2016 cash generated from operating activities of $72.7 million was the result of $42.6 million of net income, non-cash adjustments to net income of $29.9 million, and net cash outflows of $0.1 million from changes in operating assets and liabilities. The change in operating assets and liabilities was driven primarily by a decrease in accounts receivable following increased collections efforts, an increase in deferred revenue following receipt of payment from the Ministry of Health of Venezuela, and an increase in prepaid expenses related to prepayments we made to our distribution partner for the Venezuelan contract. Cash used in investing activities during the period was $53.3 million and consisted primarily of purchases of short-term investments of $34.0 million, as well as cash used in the acquisitions of RetCam of $10.6 million and NeuroQuest of $4.6 million, in each case net of cash acquired. Cash used to acquire other property and equipment and intangible assets was $3.4 million. Cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2016 was $118.4 million and consisted primarily of outstanding debt under the current Credit Facility of $140.0 million along with proceeds from stock option exercises and Employee Stock Purchase Program (“ESPP”) purchases and their related tax benefits of $3.6 million, offset by $19.3 million for repurchases of common stock under our share repurchase program, $4.1 million for taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards, $1.3 million for contingent acquisition consideration, and $0.5 million of deferred debt issuance costs. Under the prior credit facility that was terminated in connection with our entry into the new facility, the Company borrowed and repaid a total of $16.0 million as of December 31, 2016.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”), which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance. The standard's core principle is that an entity should recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard creates a five-step model to achieve its core principle: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction's price to the separate performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. In addition, entities must disclose sufficient information to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Qualitative and quantitative disclosures are required about: (i) the entity's contracts with customers; (ii) the significant judgments, and changes in judgments, made in applying the guidance to those contracts; and (iii) any assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 616) - Deferral of the Effective Date, which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 to interim and annual periods beginning January 1, 2018. The standard allows entities to apply the standard retrospectively to each prior period presented (“full retrospective adoption”) or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application (“modified retrospective adoption”). The Company adopted the modified retrospective approach of this guidance on January 1, 2018 and has determined that its adoption will not have a material effect on its financial position or results of operations.

In January 2017, a putative class action lawsuit (Badger v. Natus Medical Incorporation, et al., No. 17-cv-00458-JSW) alleging violations of federal securities laws was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, naming as defendants the Company and certain officers and a director. In July 2017, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint with a new lead plaintiff (Costabile v. Natus Medical Incorporation, et al., No. 17-cv-00458-JSW) alleging violations of federal securities laws based on allegedly false and misleading statements. The defendants moved to dismiss the Amended Complaint, and in February 2018 the motion to dismiss was granted with leave to amend. The Company believes that the plaintiffs’ allegations are without merit, and intends to vigorously defend against the claims.  In July 2017, a putative shareholder derivative action was filed in California Superior Court (Mortman v. Gunst, et. al., No. RG17867679) against certain of the Company’s officers and directors and naming the Company as a nominal defendant. The action is based on allegations similar to those in the securities class action litigation described above. The Company believes the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome from these actions is remote.